Eastern Cougars, Maybe :: Animals Cougars Cougar Papers

Eastern Cougars, Maybe (1) Most Field and Stream enthusiasts know that cougars are a fast and agile animal that can live for many years with no real predator other than humans. Another name for the cougar is the well used mountain lion which many Eastern states have named stores, schools, and even sports teams after. The distinction that the Mississippi river stops cougars from traveling into Eastern states can’t be proven because there are many animals in the West that are in the East. In Craig Springer’s "A Rumor of Cougar" article posted in the Field and Stream magazine depicts falsehood due to three interesting fallacies, a fallacy of distraction and two causal fallacies. [SS-1] (2) One of Professor Downes’ fallacies of distraction is linked to Craig Springer’s article in several aspects. The fallacy, argument from ignorance states that, "Arguments of this form assume that since something has not been proven true, it is therefore false." An example of this type of fallacy is seen in the first sentence of the article, "Cougars in the East are the equivalent of UFO,s,"says Mark Dowling. This statement is suggesting that there are no cougars in the East because they haven’t been identified. There may be actual cougars roaming the East even though there is no specific proof. Then again, there is no specific proof that there are not cougars in the East. Therefore, this statement is just an argument of ignorance from Mark Dowling’s point of view. (3) The article also contains two causal fallacies, a fallacy of complex cause and a fallacy of genuine but insignificant cause. According to Downes the fallacy of complex cause states that, "The effect is caused by a number of objects or events of which the cause identified is only a part." The article suggests this in the sentence, "People say they’ve seen cougars in the East, but there is no concrete evidence" - "meaning no DNA, no skeletal remains." Concrete evidence can be more than DNA or skeletal remains. For one reason, it would be hard to find any DNA or Skeletal remains because there is no real Eastern predator to kill a cougar. Plus, cougars have many animals to feed on in the Eastern states so it would take awhile for a cougar to die. Cougars live in secluded areas, if one would happen to die it would most likely be eaten by scavengers before any human could identify it and get a sample of DNA.

Squealer in Animal Farm

What makes Squealer such a significant character in Animal Farm? Throughout the novella, Orwell uses the character Squealer, a silver tongued pig, to manipulate language to convince other animals on the farm. Orwell uses   Squealer  to mainly show how some governments and politicians  use   propaganda to brainwash the minds of their fellow people. Squealer is very much Napoleon’s propaganda machine. His manipulation of language is key to grasping the trust of animals under their leader Napoleon’s reign.Squealer is a very convincing actor to the animals and his persuasion used to justify Napoleon’s actions overcomes their doubts, â€Å"he could turn black into white†. He makes the animals turn against their trusted Snowball when Squealer deceitfully tells them â€Å"Squealer was in a league with Snowball†. Squealer himself does not voice much of his own opinion, he merely regurgitates orders from Napoleon as he knows he’s arguing from a certain position of knowledge that he thinks can be trusted.He manipulates the animals’ fear of Jones in order to increase Napoleon’s power. He gives the animal’s meaningless and often false statistics to convince them that life is better than it used to be, for example when he ‘proved’ to the animals in detail that they had more food not than before the Rebellion. In specific language terms, Squealer uses a lot of rhetorical questions limiting the animals from thinking for themselves and so forcing them to submit to his authority, ‘’Surely Comrades you don’t want Jones back? ’’.Squealer cleverly complicates the language he uses and practises jargon that the animals do not know the meaning of so that they will think he must be an intelligent individual and they must follow his orders. By complicating language, â€Å"A bird’s wing†¦ is an organ of propulsion and not of manipulation†, he confuses the other animals. He also causes them to have a sense of hopelessness; the other animals feel they can never understand the truth without the pigs’ intervention and guidance. Combining the animals’ ignorance of the changing of history to suit the pig’s needs, Squealer changes the commandments to make the pigs â€Å"more equal. Furthermore, by radically simplifying language instead, like when he teaches the sheep to bleat â€Å"Four legs good, two legs better! † he limits the terms of debate. Additionally, Squealer's name fits him well: squealing, of course, refers to a pig's typical form of vocalization, and Squealer's speech defines him. At the same time, to squeal also means to betray and so this fittingly evokes Squealer’s behaviour to the other animals. Overall, Squealer is remarkably good at playing on the animals’ ignorance and gullibility. He redefines his words to prevent the animals from having a mind of their own.

Relationship Between a Countrys Economic Growth and Its...

Economic growth is the increase in the capacity of a country’s economy to produce goods and services. As a means of development and urbanisation, and a reflection of wealth and the living standard in a nation, it remains a key focus of most governments. In this course of action, water bodies may be polluted and contaminated due to waste (e.g. sewage and chemical waste) generated from different sectors of the economy. However, water pollution is not inevitable despite a country’s focus on economic growth, and in fact can be mitigated and controlled. A prominent example would be that of Singapore. Singapore is a highly developed market economy, with the 3rd highest GDP/capita in the world of $51,709.45 USD (2012). It has been†¦show more content†¦Industrial wastewater is to be treated to specified standards regulated by the the Environmental Protection and Management (Trade Effluent) Regulations before being discharged into a sewer or watercourse. Furthermore, t o ensure that these standards are met, industries which generate large quantities of acidic effluent, such as the aforementioned photochemical industries, are required to install devices to monitor the acidity of discharge into public sewers. The PUB has also installed a system to monitor the amount of chemicals in the sewers. Laws have been enacted such that offenders who do not meet such requirements and cause water pollution via improper disposal of untreated wastewater will be fined and jailed for up to 3 months, acting as an effective deterrent. Therefore, it is evident that water pollution is not an inevitable result of economic growth (caused by the chemical industry), as demonstrated in the example of Singapore, and through proper management and treatment of waste products, the fate of water pollution can in fact be controlled. With economic growth comes an increased quality of life including one’s living environment etc. This brings about greater access to products a nd facilities which will culminate in an increased consumption of goods and ultimately, a larger percentage of domestic waste. 6.5Show MoreRelatedReview Of Related Literature Involving The Robustness Of The Environmental Kuznets Curve1080 Words   |  5 PagesEnvironmental Kuznets Curve. This economic theory discusses the relationship turning point of environmental degradation with respect to economic growth. The hypothesis was introduced by Grossman and Kreuger who developed a reduced-form approach to embody the linear correlation of economic growth to environmental quality. Further studies have tested and enhanced this theory by tweaking either or both sides of the equation. 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